Development of Reduced Complexity Models for Electromagnetic Modeling

The current and field distributions of various structures can be calculated using full-wave numerical modeling codes. However, this approach is limited by the complex models and extensive computational resources required to analyze the details of each structure. In addition, brute-force modeling of the entire geometry provides relatively little physical insight into the electromagnetic interference (EMI) source mechanisms. Alternatively an effective equivalent model can be obtained by eliminating sources and structures that do not contribute significantly to the radiated emissions and focusing on the features that could possibly be significant sources of EMI. Equivalent models are generally much simpler than model-everything full-wave models and provide physical insight into the features that have the greatest impact on radiated emissions. This dissertation includes four chapters on development of reduced complexity models for the modeling of antennas and printed circuit board (PCB) structures. In the first chapter, a simplified model for normal mode helical antennas is proposed. In this model, the highly curved structure of the helix is replaced with straight wires and lumped elements. The simplified model can be used to reduce the complexity of full-wave models that include a helical antenna. It also can be used to estimate the performance of a helical antenna without full-wave modeling of the helical structure. The second chapter describes a model for determining the common-mode currents on cables attached to a PCB that is based on the concept of imbalance difference. The imbalance difference model is derived from research that shows that changes in geometrical imbalance cause differential- to common-mode conversion. The imbalance difference model can be used to estimate the radiated emissions from trace-board structures due to common-mode currents induced on attached cables. The third chapter introduces a new closed-form expression for estimating the maximum radiated emissions from the board-source-cable structure. This expression is based on two improvements to a closed-form expression in a 2008 paper published in the IEEE Transactions on EMC. The accuracy of the estimate for larger frequency ranges is improved by using an expression for the envelope of F(è, k, lant) that equals the maximum value at every resonant frequency. A modified expression for calculating the effective length of the board improves the accuracy of the estimate when applied to nearly square boards. In the forth chapter, a modeling technique is proposed to speed up the analysis of PCBs with coupled microstrip lines that induce common-mode currents on attached cables. Based on the concept of imbalance difference, differential-mode sources are converted to equivalent common-mode sources that drive the attached cable and the PCB reference plane. A closed-form expression is also developed based on the imbalance difference model to estimate the maximum radiated emissions from the PCB

Oblikovanje jestivih filmova iz proteina soje unakrsnim vezivanjem transglutaminazom iz bakterije Streptomyces

Soybean protein isolate (SPI) was used in the investigation of the formation of edible protein films through an enzymatic cross-linking method with a purified microbial transglutaminase (MTG) produced from a new effective strain Streptomyces sp. WZFF.L-M1 preserved in our laboratory, followed by the addition of glycerol and suitable heating and drying treatments. Cheaper partially-purified skimmed soybean protein powder (SSP) and whey protein isolates (WPI) were used as the substitutes partially replacing the expensive SPI products, and purified β-lactoglobulin was taken as the positive control of WPI. As a result, the three alternatives could also form highly efficient edible films under the optimal operation conditions. The films made with SPI alternatives, about 50 µm thin, had homogenous network structures, without any holes by direct observation with the naked eye. The tests of the properties of these films showed that they had high water-keeping capacity and strong elasticity, that the ultimate tensile strength (TS) and the elongation at break (Eb) had been remarkably increased (TS>5 MPa, Eb>50 %), and that the prevention rates against the permeability of water vapour and oxygen in the air were also upgraded more than 85 and 70 %, respectively.Izolat proteina soje upotrijebljen je pri oblikovanju jestivih filmova metodom unakrsnog vezivanja transglutaminaze iz novoga soja bakterije Streptomyces sp. WZFF.L-M1, uzgojenog u našem laboratoriju. Nakon dodavanja glicerola, film je zagrijan te osušen. Dio skupih izolata proteina soje zamijenjen je jeftinijim, djelomično pročišćenim obranim prahom proteina soje i izolatima proteina surutke, a pročišćenim β-laktoglobulinom dokazana je prisutnost izolata proteina surutke. Rezultati su pokazali da se u optimalnim uvjetima, upotrebom triju zamjenskih izolata, mogu proizvesti vrlo učinkoviti jestivi filmovi. Struktura filmova debljine oko 50 µm, dobivenih uporabom zamjenskih izolata, bila je homogena, bez okom vidljivih rupica. Rezultati ispitivanja pokazali su veliku moć zadržavanja vode i elastičnost tih filmova. Znatno je povećana granična čvrstoća (>5 MPa) i istezljivost (>50 %) te smanjena njihova propusnost na vodenu paru za 85 % i kisika za 70 %

Oblikovanje jestivih filmova iz proteina soje unakrsnim vezivanjem transglutaminazom iz bakterije Streptomyces

Soybean protein isolate (SPI) was used in the investigation of the formation of edible protein films through an enzymatic cross-linking method with a purified microbial transglutaminase (MTG) produced from a new effective strain Streptomyces sp. WZFF.L-M1 preserved in our laboratory, followed by the addition of glycerol and suitable heating and drying treatments. Cheaper partially-purified skimmed soybean protein powder (SSP) and whey protein isolates (WPI) were used as the substitutes partially replacing the expensive SPI products, and purified β-lactoglobulin was taken as the positive control of WPI. As a result, the three alternatives could also form highly efficient edible films under the optimal operation conditions. The films made with SPI alternatives, about 50 µm thin, had homogenous network structures, without any holes by direct observation with the naked eye. The tests of the properties of these films showed that they had high water-keeping capacity and strong elasticity, that the ultimate tensile strength (TS) and the elongation at break (Eb) had been remarkably increased (TS>5 MPa, Eb>50 %), and that the prevention rates against the permeability of water vapour and oxygen in the air were also upgraded more than 85 and 70 %, respectively.Izolat proteina soje upotrijebljen je pri oblikovanju jestivih filmova metodom unakrsnog vezivanja transglutaminaze iz novoga soja bakterije Streptomyces sp. WZFF.L-M1, uzgojenog u našem laboratoriju. Nakon dodavanja glicerola, film je zagrijan te osušen. Dio skupih izolata proteina soje zamijenjen je jeftinijim, djelomično pročišćenim obranim prahom proteina soje i izolatima proteina surutke, a pročišćenim β-laktoglobulinom dokazana je prisutnost izolata proteina surutke. Rezultati su pokazali da se u optimalnim uvjetima, upotrebom triju zamjenskih izolata, mogu proizvesti vrlo učinkoviti jestivi filmovi. Struktura filmova debljine oko 50 µm, dobivenih uporabom zamjenskih izolata, bila je homogena, bez okom vidljivih rupica. Rezultati ispitivanja pokazali su veliku moć zadržavanja vode i elastičnost tih filmova. Znatno je povećana granična čvrstoća (>5 MPa) i istezljivost (>50 %) te smanjena njihova propusnost na vodenu paru za 85 % i kisika za 70 %

Formation of Edible Soybean and Soybean-Complex Protein Films by a Cross-Linking Treatment with a New Streptomyces Transglutaminase

Soybean protein isolate (SPI) was used in the investigation of the formation of edible protein films through an enzymatic cross-linking method with a purified microbial transglutaminase (MTG) produced from a new effective strain Streptomyces sp. WZFF.L-M1 preserved in our laboratory, followed by the addition of glycerol and suitable heating and drying treatments. Cheaper partially-purified skimmed soybean protein powder (SSP) and whey protein isolates (WPI) were used as the substitutes partially replacing the expensive SPI products, and purified β-lactoglobulin was taken as the positive control of WPI. As a result, the three alternatives could also form highly efficient edible films under the optimal operation conditions. The films made with SPI alternatives, about 50 µm thin, had homogenous network structures, without any holes by direct observation with the naked eye. The tests of the properties of these films showed that they had high water-keeping capacity and strong elasticity, that the ultimate tensile strength (TS) and the elongation at break (Eb) had been remarkably increased (TS>5 MPa, Eb>50 %), and that the prevention rates against the permeability of water vapour and oxygen in the air were also upgraded more than 85 and 70 %, respectively

Ritz buckling analysis of rectangular plates with internal hinge

10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2003)129:6(683)Journal of Engineering Mechanics1296683-68

Plasma miR-126 Is a Potential Biomarker for Early Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Susceptible Individuals

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health problem in China. Diagnostic markers are urgently needed to identify individuals at risk of developing T2DM and encourage them to adapt to a healthier life style. Circulating miRNAs present important sources of noninvasive biomarkers of various diseases. Recently, a novel plasma microRNA signature was identified in T2DM. Here, we evaluated the T2DM-related miRNA signature in plasma of three study groups: normal (fasting glucose (FG), 4.8-5.2 mmol/L), T2DM-susceptible (FG, 6.1-6.9 mmol/L), and T2DM individuals (FG, >= 7.0 mmol/L) and tested the feasibility of using circulating miRNAs to identify individuals at risk of developing T2DM. Among the 5 miRNAs included in the signature, miR-29b and miR-28-3p are not detectable. miR-15a and miR-223 have comparable expression levels among three groups. Notably, miR-126 is the only miRNA that showed significantly reduced expression in susceptible individuals and T2DM patients compared to normal individuals, suggesting that miR-126 in circulation may serve as a potential biomarker for early identification of susceptible individuals to T2DM

Association between branched-chain amino acid intake and physical function among Chinese community-dwelling elderly residents.

This study aimed to evaluate the potential associations of dietary BCAAs (isoleucine, leucine, and valine) with physical function in the elderly Chinese population. A validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric and physical function measurements were used to collect data. We modeled trends in physical function indicators for BCAA quartiles using multivariate linear regression models. Among 4336 (43.97% men) participants aged 72.73 ± 5.48 years, a higher dietary intake of BCAAs was positively associated with increased handgrip strength (all p trends < 0.001), shorter times for 4-m fast walking (all p trends < 0.001) and repeated chair rises (all p trends < 0.001). No linear association was found between subtypes of amino acids and any physical functions (all p trends > 0.05). Individuals in the highest quartiles of BCAA intake had a reduced risk of developing low muscle strength, and the multiadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for women and men were 0.50 (0.38–0.65) and 0.67 (0.50–0.91), respectively. Similarly, higher BCAA consumption was associated with a lower risk of developing low physical performance (4-m walking speed: OR = 0.68 [0.50–0.93]; repeated chair rises: OR = 0.66 [0.54–0.81]). Higher dietary BCAA intake might be beneficial for physical function in the elderly population